Race into space artmoney se 7.213/27/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() One possible interpretation of the findings is that prosecutors use racialized attributions, which are rooted in portrayals of black men as violent and dangerous and both black and Latino men as intimately involved with the drug trade, to reduce their uncertainty when making predictions about how likely defendants are to cooperate with and be rehabilitated by diversion programs.These recently uploaded - and incredible to look at - illustrations tell the story of the space race, showing just how optimistic we all were back then, as well as some of the cutting edge research and technology from the time.Įnglish tea brand, Brooke Bond & Company, jumped on the space race bandwagon in 1971, creating a book and collectible tea card set about "The Race to Space". In contrast, disparities disadvantaging blacks occur among defendants whose most serious arrest charge is for a drug crimes regardless of prior convictions and among defendants charged with violent crimes who have no prior convictions. Disparities disadvantaging Latinos are only present among defendants whose most serious arrest charge is for a drug and who have no prior convictions. The study finds that prosecutors are more likely to grant pretrial diversions to white defendants than they are to grant these diversions to black or Latino defendants with similar legal characteristics. Using data from the State Court Processing Statistics, this study examines racial disparities in pretrial diversion among men charged with felony crimes in metropolitan counties in the even years from 1990 to 2006. Pretrial diversions offer defendants a rare chance to escape this fate. Living with a felony conviction exposes people to a host of negative life experiences, including unemployment, low income, and family instability. These findings corroborate the theoretical perspective offered and suggest that policies that require people to be “similarly situated” in order to be deserving of “equal treatment” are incapable of producing justice. Finally, the effects of these policies are most consistently associated with increases in violent admissions, but associated with the most substantial increases in drug admissions. ![]() Third, the gender disparate impacts of these policies are most consistent among blacks. Second, these policies disproportionately burden women. First, mandatory terms and sentencing enhancements increase prison admission rates for violent, property, and drug crimes. This study examines whether or not mandatory terms and sentencing enhancements are associated with increases in state level admission rates, whether these increases-if they exist-are larger among women than among men, whether and how these gender disparities vary by race, and whether the effect of these sentencing policies on either scale or disparities varies by offense type. While several scholars argue that changes in sentencing policies are responsible, there have been few empirical examinations of this presumed connection. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, prison admission rates rose precipitously, racial disparities remained high, and the proportion of prisoners who are women increased dramatically. ![]() More particularly, I find that Black and Latino men are less likely to be granted non-financial release, more likely to be denied bail, and are given higher bails than White men with similar legal characteristics that Black and Latino men are more likely to be adjudicated as felons than White men with similar legal characteristics and that sentencing outcomes are determined by a combination of current case characteristics, prior record, economic resources and networks, and racially disparate processing-both indirectly through pretrial incarceration and level of adjudication and directly during sentencing decisions. Estimating a series of models, I find not only that Black and Latino men receive less beneficial sentencing decisions than White men with similar legal characteristics, but also that these disparities are produced through a combination of direct and indirect effects. Data from the State Court Processing Statistics Series was used to analyze the cumulative effects of racial and ethnic disparities in criminal processing of men who are charged with felony drug offenses in large urban counties from 1990 to 2002. ![]()
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